张医生英语语法句型突破--定语从句详解

一、先行词和关系词

The lady stands under the tree.

The lady who looks pretty stands under the tree.  句中：who looks pretty 就是定语从句

The boy was a hero.

The boy who won the game was a hero.

The city attracts many tourists.

The city which is famous attracts many tourists.

The river has a long history.

The river which is located in China has a long history.

先行词 ：是指被修饰的名词。

关系词：1、指代先行词；2、引导从句。

二、关系代词

The lady who looks pretty stands under the tree.  

The boy who won the game was a hero.

The city which is famous attracts many tourists.

The river which is located in China has a long history.

问题：1、为什么有的关系词用who,而其他的用which?

回答：who指代“人”的先行词，which指代“物”的先行词，这里需要注意一下这里的“人”和“物”，是指写作者想将先行词表达的人或者物，例如长江可以说成母亲河，祖国也可以说成母亲那此时这些就是“人”而不是“物”，这里其实是指代意义。

问题：2、如果没有who\which,从句是否完整？

回答：who\which为关系代词，在从句缺少主语或者宾语的时候使用。

The lady who looks pretty stands under the tree.  

The lady who  they like stands under the tree.  

The lady whom  they like stands under the tree. 

The boy who won the game was a hero.

The city which is famous attracts many tourists.

The river which is located in China has a long history.

总结：

1、关系代词：who\whom\ which\that\在从句中做主语或者宾语，whom只能做宾语;

                      who\whom\ which\that\当在从句中做宾语时，可以被省略。

2、who\which都可以被that替换。

三、关系副词

The park where we played together was gone.

The country where we traveled was famous.

The factory where they worked is larger than ever.

where 指代地点，从句完整（不缺主语或者宾语）

I cannot forget the spring when we played together.

The years when we were young was gone.

The times when people had a poor living were terrible.

when指代时间，从句完整（不缺主语或宾语）

总结：

关系副词：when\where 从句完整（不缺主语或宾语）

四、其他重要知识点

1、定语是修饰名词的，前置定语，后置定语

2、状语是修饰动词的， 常见有：地理位置、物理、原因、时间、地点状语；

3、定语从句和名词性从句的区别？

     定语从句是用来修饰名词，名词性从句是在句子中充当名词

4、who指代“人”的先行词，which指代“物”的先行词

5、同位语从句就是抽象概括性名词+that+具体化描述，eg: The news that she would go abroad to study proved false.

6、先行词被最高级修饰的定语从句，关系代词只能用that ,eg: This is the best film that he has ever seen. 

附录：

1、定语从句以及其关系词用法；

2、定语从句学习脑图；